Which of the following is NOT listed as tight/tonic in Upper Cross Syndrome?

• A. Posterior neck muscles (splenius capitis and cervicis)
• B. Sternocleidomastoid
• C. Upper trapezius
• D. Latissimus dorsi

Answer: (D)

In Upper Cross Syndrome, the pattern involves overactive/short muscles on the front of the chest and the back of the neck, with underactive/lengthened muscles in the middle and lower scapular stabilizers. The common tight/tonic group includes the sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and the posterior neck muscles such as splenius capitis and cervicis, along with the pectoralis major and minor. Latissimus dorsi, however, is not typically listed among the tight/short muscles in this pattern. It is a large back muscle that primarily contributes to shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation; its tightness is not a defining feature of Upper Cross Syndrome, though it can be involved in other postural or movement dysfunctions.